Interface do utilizador

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A User Interface, often abbreviated as UI, is a fundamental aspect of any digital product, system, or service. It is the point of interaction between the user and a digital device or product such as a software application or a sítio Web[2]. The evolution of UI traces back to the 1940s, progressing from basic interfaces to more sophisticated ones like Graphical and Composite User Interfaces. It’s categorized into various types including attentive, batch, command-line, conversational, and object-oriented interfaces, each designed to serve different user needs. UI design revolves around principles and practices that prioritize user ease, efficiency, and enjoyment. This includes elements like layout, color schemes, typography, and interactive components that greatly influence usability, accessibility, and user retention rates. The field of UI design is dynamic, with current trends favoring dark mode interfaces, micro-interactions, 3D elements, and realidade aumentada[1]. The practice also emphasizes user research, simplicity, intuitive navigation, and iterative improvements.

Definições de termos
1. realidade aumentada. Augmented Reality, often abbreviated as AR, is a technology that merges the physical, real-world environment with digital or computer-generated elements. This integration is achieved using advanced technologies such as object recognition and computer vision. AR can be applied to a range of sensory experiences beyond just visual, providing a multi-sensory interaction. The technology is not limited to any specific sector and has found applications across various fields from gaming and entertainment to education, communications, and even medical practices. The hardware required for AR includes a processor, display, sensors, and input devices, and the display can range from optical projection systems to handheld devices and even eyeglasses. The design and development of AR focus on environmental and interaction design, aiming to enhance user experience and system usability.
2. sítio Web. Este texto aborda essencialmente o conceito de "sítio Web". Um sítio Web é um conjunto de páginas Web interligadas, geralmente incluindo uma página inicial, localizadas no mesmo servidor e preparadas e mantidas como uma coleção de dados por uma pessoa, grupo ou organização. Os sítios Web são uma pedra angular da Internet, servindo como centros de informação, comércio, comunicação e entretenimento. Podem ter várias formas, como sítios de empresas, sítios de jogos, plataformas académicas ou sítios de redes sociais. Os sítios Web evoluíram ao longo do tempo, passando de texto e imagens estáticas para plataformas multimédia dinâmicas e interactivas. O desenvolvimento e a funcionalidade dos sítios Web são regidos por normas Web definidas pelo World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Os sítios Web são também influenciados pelos avanços na tecnologia de servidores Web e por princípios de conceção como o design reativo.

In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a interface do utilizador (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, while the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer sistemas operativos, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to, or involve such disciplines as, ergonomics e psychology.

A graphical user interface following the desktop metaphor

Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface that makes it easy, efficient, and enjoyable (user-friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result (i.e. maximum usability). This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the user.

User interfaces are composed of one or more layers, including a human-machine interface (HMI) that typically interfaces machines with physical input hardware (such as keyboards, mice, or game pads) and output hardware (such as computer monitors, speakers, and impressoras). A device that implements an HMI is called a human interface device (HID). User interfaces that dispense with the physical movement of body parts as an intermediary step between the brain and the machine use no input or output devices except electrodes alone; they are called brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) or brain–machine interfaces (BMIs).

Other terms for human–machine interfaces are man–machine interface (MMI) and, when the machine in question is a computer, human–computer interface. Additional UI layers may interact with one or more human senses, including: tactile UI (touch), visual UI (sight), auditory UI (sound), olfactory UI (smell), equilibria UI (balance), and gustatory UI (taste).

Composite user interfaces (CUIs) are UIs that interact with two or more senses. The most common CUI is a graphical user interface (GUI), which is composed of a tactile UI and a visual UI capable of displaying graphics. When sound is added to a GUI, it becomes a multimedia user interface (MUI). There are three broad categories of CUI: standard, virtual e augmented. Standard CUI use standard human interface devices like keyboards, mice, and computer monitors. When the CUI blocks out the real world to create a realidade virtual, the CUI is virtual and uses a virtual reality interface. When the CUI does not block out the real world and creates realidade aumentada, the CUI is augmented and uses an augmented reality interface. When a UI interacts with all human senses, it is called a qualia interface, named after the theory of qualia.[citation needed] CUI may also be classified by how many senses they interact with as either an X-sense virtual reality interface or X-sense augmented reality interface, where X is the number of senses interfaced with. For example, a Smell-O-Vision is a 3-sense (3S) Standard CUI with visual display, sound and smells; when virtual reality interfaces interface with smells and touch it is said to be a 4-sense (4S) virtual reality interface; and when augmented reality interfaces interface with smells and touch it is said to be a 4-sense (4S) augmented reality interface.

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