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A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) used to reference web resources. It was originally defined in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee and the URI working group of the Internet^[2] Engineering Task Force (IETF). URLs combine a domain name system^[1], established in 1985, with a file path syntax using slashes. They are primarily used to locate web pages, correio eletrónico^[3] addresses, and file transfer applications on the internet. The structure of a URL consists of five components following the syntax of a generic URI, which can be defined, undefined, or empty depending on the characters and delimiters used. In addition, URLs have evolved to support Unicode characters through the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), allowing for the use of URLs in non-Latin scripts.

Definições de termos

1. ↑ domain name system. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a vital part of the internet's infrastructure. It works as a translator between human-friendly hostnames and numerical IP addresses. This system helps users access websites and online services swiftly and efficiently. The DNS has been in use since the ARPANET era, where it began as a simple mapping system. Over time, it has developed into a complex hierarchical structure that is crucial for cloud services and content delivery networks. The DNS uses protocols like UDP and TCP to provide reliable, secure, and private connections. It also holds various types of records, such as SOA, A, AAAA, MX, NS, PTR, and CNAME, which are traditionally stored in a zone file. These records are important for the operation of distributed Internet services. The DNS helps users get faster responses by assigning proximal servers. Its structure is reflective of administrative responsibility on the internet, with zones of autonomy assigned to managers for each subdomain.

2. ↑ Internet ( Internet ) A Internet é um sistema global de redes informáticas interligadas que utilizam protocolos de comunicação normalizados, principalmente o TCP/IP, para ligar dispositivos em todo o mundo. Com origem no termo "internetted" utilizado em 1849, o termo "Internet" foi mais tarde utilizado pelo Departamento de Guerra dos EUA em 1945. O seu desenvolvimento começou com cientistas informáticos que criaram sistemas de partilha de tempo na década de 1960 e progrediu com a criação da ARPANET em 1969. A Internet é autónoma, sem uma autoridade central, e os seus principais espaços de nomes são administrados pela Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Transformou significativamente os meios de comunicação tradicionais e tem crescido exponencialmente ao longo dos anos, com os utilizadores da Internet a aumentarem anualmente de 20% para 50%. Em 2019, mais de metade da população mundial utilizou a Internet. O conjunto de protocolos da Internet, que inclui o TCP/IP e quatro camadas conceptuais, orienta os pacotes da Internet para os seus destinos. Serviços essenciais como o correio eletrónico e a telefonia via Internet funcionam na Internet. A World Wide Web, uma coleção global de documentos interligados, é uma componente essencial da Internet.

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URL (Wikipédia)

A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as an address on the Web, is a reference to a resource that specifies its location on a rede informática and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. URLs occur most commonly to reference páginas web (HTTP/HTTPS) but are also used for file transfer (FTP), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.

URL
Uniform resource locator
Abbreviation	URL
Status	Published
First published	1994; 30 years ago (1994)
Latest version	Living Standard 2023
Organization	Grupo de Trabalho de Engenharia da Internet (IETF)
Committee	Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
Series	Request for Comments (RFC)
Editors	Anne van Kesteren
Authors	Tim Berners-Lee
Base standards	RFC 1738. – Uniform Resource Locators (URL). RFC 3986. – Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax. RFC 4248. – The telnet URI Scheme. RFC 4266. – The gopher URI Scheme. RFC 6068. – The 'mailto' URI Scheme. RFC 6196. – Moving mailserver: URI Scheme to Historic. RFC 6270. – The 'tn3270' URI Scheme.
Related standards	URI, URN
Domain	World Wide Web
Licença	CC BY 4.0
Sítio Web	url.spec.whatwg.org

Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).

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