Top-level domain | Solutional Webdesign Antwerpen

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A Top-Level Domain (TLD) is a fundamental part of internet^[2] addresses, known as domain names. TLDs are the highest level of domain hierarchy, situated after the last dot in the nome de domínio^[1]. They’re categorized into various types: Infrastructure TLD (ARPA), Generic TLDs (gTLD), Generic restricted TLDs (grTLD), Sponsored TLDs (sTLD), and Country-code TLDs (ccTLD). Each type has specific uses and is managed by different entities accredited by ICANN. The Internationalized country code TLDs permit domain names in native languages or scripts. Additionally, there are Reserved Domains, set aside for specific purposes. Proposed and Rejected Domains are addressed during ICANN meetings, with some approved and others rejected due to potential conflicts. Dotless Domains and New TLDs are other aspects of the TLD system. Pseudo-Domains are labels used by some networks for correio eletrónico^[3] exchange. This text also references additional information on TLDs.

Definições de termos

1. ↑ nome de domínio. A domain name is a text-based label that identifies internet resources such as computers and services. It serves as an indicator of ownership or control over a resource and provides an easily recognizable name for these resources. In structure, a domain name is made up of concatenated labels separated by dots, arranged in a descending hierarchy from right to left. Each label can contain 1 to 63 octets and the overall domain name should not exceed 253 ASCII characters. The Domain Name System (DNS) translates these domain names into IP addresses, helping to distribute web traffic across different servers. Domain names are organized into a tree structure, with Top-Level Domains (TLDs) such as .com, .org, .net at the highest level. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) oversees the allocation of TLDs and accredits domain registrars. Domain names can also be internationalized, with many registries adopting the Internationalized domain name (IDNA) system approved by ICANN. The domain name industry is subject to cyber threats like spoofing, but measures are in place for protection.

2. ↑ internet. A Internet é um sistema global de redes informáticas interligadas que utilizam protocolos de comunicação normalizados, principalmente o TCP/IP, para ligar dispositivos em todo o mundo. Com origem no termo "internetted" utilizado em 1849, o termo "Internet" foi mais tarde utilizado pelo Departamento de Guerra dos EUA em 1945. O seu desenvolvimento começou com cientistas informáticos que criaram sistemas de partilha de tempo na década de 1960 e progrediu com a criação da ARPANET em 1969. A Internet é autónoma, sem uma autoridade central, e os seus principais espaços de nomes são administrados pela Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Transformou significativamente os meios de comunicação tradicionais e tem crescido exponencialmente ao longo dos anos, com os utilizadores da Internet a aumentarem anualmente de 20% para 50%. Em 2019, mais de metade da população mundial utilizou a Internet. O conjunto de protocolos da Internet, que inclui o TCP/IP e quatro camadas conceptuais, orienta os pacotes da Internet para os seus destinos. Serviços essenciais como o correio eletrónico e a telefonia via Internet funcionam na Internet. A World Wide Web, uma coleção global de documentos interligados, é uma componente essencial da Internet.

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Glossário

Domínio de topo (Wikipédia)

Examples of the over 1,500 TLDs
Example domain	Tipo	Sponsoring institution
`.arpa`	Infrastructure	Internet Architecture Board; restricted^{[clarification needed]}
`.blue`	Generic	Identity Digital Limited; unrestricted^{[clarification needed]}
`.ovh`	Generic	OVH SAS; run by AFNIC, unrestricted
`.name`	Restricted generic	VeriSign Information Services, Inc.; unrestricted
`.ac`	Country-code	Internet Computer Bureau; unrestricted
`.zw`	Country-code	Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe;run by TelOne Zimbabwe; unrestricted
`.aero`	Sponsored	Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques; unrestricted
`.ไทย`	Internationalized country-code	THNIC

A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Sistema de nomes de domínio do Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the nome de domínio, that is, the last non empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.

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