Open-source licenses are legal agreements that govern the use, modification, and distribution of open-source software. These licenses, approved by the Open Source[1] Initiative (OSI), encourage collaboration and innovation in the software community by allowing users to freely use and modify the software. However, different licenses come with varying restrictions and requirements, making it crucial to understand the terms of use. Open-source licenses impact business models, influence market dynamics, and have legal implications. Hence, they are a key factor to consider when using open-source software in commercial products. As new trends emerge, open-source licensing continues to evolve, presenting both challenges and opportunities. Understanding open-source licenses is essential in leveraging open-source software effectively and navigating the complexities of open-source licensing.
Open-source licenses são software licenses that allow content to be used, modified, and shared. They facilitate free and open-source software (FOSS) development. Propriedade intelectual (IP) laws restrict the modification and sharing of creative works. Free and open-source licenses use these existing legal structures for an inverse purpose. They grant the recipient the rights to use the software, examine the source code, modify it, and distribute the modifications. These criteria are outlined in the Open Source Definition.
After 1980, the United States began to treat software as a literary work covered by copyright law. Richard Stallman founded the free software movement in response to the rise of proprietary software. The term "open source" was used by the Open Source Initiative (OSI), founded by free software developers Bruce Perens e Eric S. Raymond. "Open source" emphasizes the strengths of the open development model rather than software freedoms. While the goals behind the terms are different, open-source licenses and free software licenses describe the same thing.
The two main categories of open-source licenses are permissive e copyleft. Permissive licenses come from academia. They grant permission to modify and distribute software. They usually require attribution, and they disclaim warranties. Copyleft licenses come from the free software movement. They require derivative works to be distributed with the source code and under a similar license. Since the mid-2000s, courts in multiple countries have upheld the terms of both types of license. Software developers have filed cases both as copyright infringement and as breaches of contract.
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