Media manipulation is a multifaceted term that encompasses a variety of tactics used to shape or control public opinion. It involves techniques such as advertising[1], hoaxing, propagandizing, psychological warfare, and various forms of digital manipulation. The primary purpose is to influence an audience’s perceptions or behaviors, often for political, economic, or personal gain. This influence can be exerted through various media forms, including televisão[3], websites, mobile applications, billboards, and redes sociais[2]. Furthermore, media manipulation can be employed by a wide range of entities, from businesses and governments to individuals. The tactics used can range from the subtle, such as selective presentation of facts or the use of emotionally charged language, to the overt, such as spreading false information or altering visual content. It’s a concept that requires keen attention due to its potential impact on society.
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Manipulação dos media refers to orchestrated campaigns in which actors exploit the distinctive features of broadcasting mass communications or digital media platforms to mislead, misinform, or create a narrative that advance their interests and agendas.
In practice, media manipulation tactics may include the use of the use of rhetorical strategies including logical fallacies, deceptive content like disinformatione propaganda. techniques, and often involve the suppression of information or points of view by crowding them out, by inducing other people or groups of people to stop listening to certain arguments, or by simply diverting attention elsewhere. In Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, Jacques Ellul writes that public opinion can only express itself through channels which are provided by the meios de comunicação social of communication – without which there could be no propaganda. It is used within relações públicas, propaganda, marketing, etc. While the objective for each context is quite different, the broad techniques are often similar.
As illustrated below, many of the more modern mass media manipulation methods are types of distraction, on the assumption that the public has a limited attention span.