Manifesto

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A manifesto is a public declaration, often political in nature, that outlines the principles, intentions, and views of its issuer, usually a person, group, or political party. Originating from the Italian word ‘manifesto’ and the Latin term ‘manifestum,’ which means clear or conspicuous, it first came into English usage around 1620. Manifestos have played a significant role in influencing various ideologies and movements. Renowned examples include ‘The Communist Manifesto’ that established the fundamentals of communism, and the ‘Port Huron Statement’ advocating for enhanced democracy and social justice. Other forms of manifestos also exist, such as art manifestos and political party manifestos. This term is commonly used in political discourse[1], often in relation with concepts like election promises and party platforms.

Definições de termos
1. discourse. Discourse, the primary subject of this text, is a term used in social sciences to describe formal discussions or debates on a specific topic. It encompasses the language expressions, conversations, and written texts that shape our understanding of societal structures. Discourse is deeply linked to power dynamics and plays a significant role in shaping reality. There are several theoretical frameworks that shed light on discourse, including modernism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and Foucault's discourse theory. Different types of discourse analysis, such as critical, conversation, and Foucauldian discourse analysis, help us understand communication patterns and societal structures. The study of discourse has wide applications across various fields including sociology, environmental policy, and cultural studies, and has profound implications on gendered discourses and societal norms. Renowned scholars like James P. Gee, Robert Stalnaker, and Peter Pagin have contributed significantly to discourse analysis. Discourse research is highly relevant in social sciences and informs our understanding of language, identity, and power structures.
Manifesto (Wikipédia)

A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or public consensus or promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made. It often is political, social ou artistic in nature, sometimes revolutionary, but may present an individual's life stance. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds ou confessions of faith.

Cover of the Communist Manifesto (1848), from the 1965 facsimile edition
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