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Media bias refers to the tendency of news outlets to present information in a way that aligns with certain viewpoints or interests, rather than providing a balanced and fair representation of events. It can take various forms such as partisan, corporate, sensationalism, omission, and selection of sources. The impact of media bias is significant, shaping public opinion, influencing political decisions, and altering societal perceptions. It can also lead to misinformation and affect the public’s trust in media. There are several factors contributing to media bias which include ownership of media outlets, political affiliations, audience preferences, economic interests, and journalistic standards. Examples of media bias include framing of news stories, selective reporting, editorial decisions, headline sensationalism, and lack of diversity in perspectives. Strategies to combat media bias include fact-checking^[2], literacia mediática^[1] programs, promoting diverse news sources, transparency in reporting, and public accountability of media outlets.

Definições de termos

1. ↑ literacia mediática. A literacia mediática é a capacidade de aceder, analisar, avaliar e criar meios de comunicação social em todas as suas formas. Implica a compreensão do papel dos media na sociedade, bem como das competências essenciais de investigação e de auto-expressão necessárias aos cidadãos de uma democracia. A educação para a literacia mediática, ministrada por organizações como a UNESCO, o Programa de Cooperação UNITWIN, a UNAOC e o GAPMIL, visa dotar os indivíduos de ferramentas e competências para analisar criticamente diferentes tipos de meios de comunicação e mensagens. Tem um impacto profundo nos indivíduos, sensibilizando-os para a manipulação, a propaganda e a parcialidade dos meios de comunicação social, ao mesmo tempo que capacita os cidadãos para contribuírem para o discurso público e tomarem decisões informadas. Este domínio está em constante evolução, incorporando elementos das redes sociais, dos grandes volumes de dados e da inteligência artificial. Atualmente, é um movimento global com diferentes graus de integração nos sistemas educativos de diferentes regiões.

2. ↑ Verificação de factos ( fact-checking ) Fact-checking is a critical process in journalism and information dissemination, used to verify the accuracy of statements, claims, and news. It originated in the 1850s in response to sensationalist newspapers and has evolved significantly since, with key contributors including the Associated Press, Ralph Pulitzer, Henry Luce, and The New Yorker. Fact-checking can be done before (ante hoc) or after (post hoc) information is published, with various organizations and media outlets dedicated to the task. It holds significant influence in political discourse, deterring politicians from spreading misinformation and impacting public perception and belief in political claims. Fact-checking also extends to informal contexts, where individuals and technology play a role in verifying news and identifying fake news. Despite its effectiveness, fact-checking alone may not fully combat misinformation, necessitating its inclusion in educational curriculums.

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Enviesamento dos media (Wikipédia)

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2023)

Enviesamento dos media occurs when journalists e news producers show bias in how they report and cover news. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed.

Practical limitations to media neutrality include the inability of journalists to report all available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a coherent narrative. Government influence, including overt and covert censura, biases the media in some countries, for example China, North Korea, Syria e Myanmar. Politics and media bias may interact with each other; the media has the ability to influence politicians, and politicians may have the power to influence the media. This can change the distribution of power in society. Market forces may also cause bias. Examples include bias introduced by the ownership of media, including a concentration of media ownership, the subjective selection of staff, or the perceived preferences of an intended audience.

Assessing possible bias is one aspect of literacia mediática, which is studied at schools of journalism, university departments (including media studies, cultural studiese peace studies). Other focuses beyond political bias include international differences in reporting, as well as bias in reporting of particular issues such as economic class or environmental interests. Academic findings around bias can also differ significantly from public discourse and understanding of the term.

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