Manipulation (psychology) | Solutional Webdesign Antwerpen

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Manipulation, in the context of psychology, is a form of social influence^[1] often viewed negatively. It diverges from influence and persuasion^[2], which are perceived as neutral or harmless. While persuasion aims to guide others towards a desired action, manipulation is used for self-serving purposes or to advance personal agendas, often exploiting individuals’ vulnerabilities such as naivety or low self-esteem. Manipulation can have harmful effects on relationships, distorting the manipulated individual’s perception of reality and leading to emotional blackmail or gaslighting. Tactics used in manipulation include seduction, suggestion, and persuasion. It’s essential to recognize signs of manipulation, understand the difference from influence, and consider ethical aspects when dealing with such behavior. Studies show a correlation between manipulation and antisocial disorders, highlighting the importance of empathy in prevention.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ social influence. Social influence refers to the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by others. This concept encompasses a variety of types, such as Kelman's compliance, identification, and internalization, which refer to different levels of individual acceptance of social influence. It also includes phenomena like conformity, minority influence, self-fulfilling prophecy, and social contagion, each with its unique dynamics and implications.However, social influence can also take on negative forms, such as psychological manipulation, abusive power, propaganda, and hard power. These forms often involve the exploitation or coercion of individuals.Various factors can impact the extent and nature of social influence, including antecedents like social impact theory and Cialdini's Weapons of Influence, as well as social structures like unanimity and status. Cultural and emotional influences also play a significant role, shaping conformity and behavior within social structures.Research in this field explores topics such as the influence of social networks, cognitive limits on information transmission, challenges in social media analysis, and the pursuit of a causal understanding in social influence.

2. ↑ persuasion. Persuasion is a multifaceted concept with roots in various forms and theories. It incorporates techniques like propaganda, heuristic persuasion, and the use of Aristotle's communication methods. It also involves psychological theories impacting behavior and the theory of planned behavior to predict and alter actions. Persuasion plays a significant role in various domains such as politics, sales, advocacy, and business communication and can be delivered through written, spoken, or visual methods. The intersection of neuroscience and persuasion is also a critical aspect, linking brain function with persuasive techniques. Furthermore, persuasion varies across cultures, influencing activities like buying, selling, advertising, and parenting. Lastly, successful persuasion involves authority, trustworthiness, and techniques such as scarcity principle, reciprocity, commitment, and social proof.

Manipulation (psychology) (Wikipedia)

In psychology, manipulation is defined as subterfuge designed to influence or control another, usually in a manner which facilitates one's personal aims. The methods used distort or orient the interlocutor's perception of reality, in particular through seduction, suggestion, persuasion and non-voluntary or consensual submission. Definitions for the term vary in which behavior is specifically included, influenced by both culture and whether referring to the general population or used in clinical contexts. Manipulation is generally considered a dishonest form of social influence as it is used at the expense of others.

Manipulative tendencies may derive from cluster B personality disorders such as narcissistic, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder (usually by feigning distress or using flattery, gaslighting, emotional blackmail or love-bombing or seduction to obtain affection or to avoid abandonment). Manipulation is also correlated with higher levels of dark empathy, emotional intelligence, and is a chief component of the personality construct dubbed Machiavellianism.

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