Speech recognition is a technological advancement that allows computers to interpret and understand human speech, converting it into a format that the ordinateur[2] can understand. This technologie[1] was initially developed in the 1950s by Bell Labs with a device named Audrey, specifically designed for single-speaker digit recognition. Over the years, the technology has developed through notable milestones such as IBM’s demonstration of speech recognition at the 1962 World’s Fair, the proposal of linear predictive coding in 1966, and DARPA’s funding of Speech Understanding Research in 1971. Further advancements and methods like Hidden Markov models and deep learning techniques have significantly improved the accuracy of speech recognition. This technology is now applied in various sectors including in-car systems, education, healthcare, and government intelligence. Its primary function is to translate spoken language into written text, but it has also proven critical in diagnosing and treating speech disorders.
Reconnaissance vocale is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science et computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enable the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers. It is also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition ou speech to text (STT). It incorporates knowledge and research in the computer science, linguistics et computer engineering fields. The reverse process is speech synthesis.
Some speech recognition systems require "training" (also called "enrollment") where an individual speaker reads text or isolated vocabulary into the system. The system analyzes the person's specific voice and uses it to fine-tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting in increased accuracy. Systems that do not use training are called "speaker-independent" systems. Systems that use training are called "speaker dependent".
Speech recognition applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialing (e.g. "call home"), call routing (e.g. "I would like to make a collect call"), domotic appliance control, search key words (e.g. find a podcast where particular words were spoken), simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of structured documents (e.g. a radiology report), determining speaker characteristics, speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors ou emails), et aircraft (usually termed direct voice input). Automatic pronunciation assessment is used in education such as for spoken language learning.
Le terme voice recognition ou speaker identification refers to identifying the speaker, rather than what they are saying. Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on a specific person's voice or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as part of a security process.
From the technology perspective, speech recognition has a long history with several waves of major innovations. Most recently, the field has benefited from advances in deep learning et big data. The advances are evidenced not only by the surge of academic papers published in the field, but more importantly by the worldwide industry adoption of a variety of deep learning methods in designing and deploying speech recognition systems.