Pouvoir d'achat

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Purchasing power is a financial concept that measures the value of money in terms of the quantity of goods or services it can buy. Think of it as how far your dollar goes when you’re out shopping. It’s influenced by various factors such as market conditions, availability of goods, and demand[1]. Inflation plays a key role here – if prices rise faster than your income, your purchasing power goes down. This is because your money can’t buy as much as it used to. Economists use tools like the Big Mac Index or Consommateur[2] Price Index to track how purchasing power changes over time. It’s also crucial in international trade, as the value of different currencies can affect purchasing power. Understanding this concept can help you grasp how economic trends can impact your wallet.

Définitions des termes
1. demand.
1 "Demand" is a foundational concept in the field of economics that refers to the quantity of a specific good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different price points within a given period. It is largely influenced by the price of the commodity, the cost of related goods, personal disposable income, individual tastes and preferences, and consumer expectations about future prices and availability. The relationship between demand and its influencing factors is visually represented by a demand curve on a graph. The concept also extends to different types of goods demand, including negative demand and latent demand, and how these can be managed strategically. The elasticity of demand, another crucial aspect, measures the sensitivity of demand to price changes. Lastly, the market structure can notably impact the demand faced by individual firms.
2 "Demand" is an economic term that refers to the amount of a product or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price. This concept is influenced by various factors such as the price of the commodity, the price of related goods, personal disposable income, tastes and preferences, and consumer expectations about future prices or income. Demand is often represented graphically through a demand curve which shows the relationship between price and quantity. The concept of price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of the quantity demanded to price changes. Market structures and types of goods also influence the shape of the demand curve and the nature of demand. Additionally, demand management strategies are used to control economic demand to avoid recession. Understanding demand is crucial for both businesses and policy makers as it plays a vital role in economic forecasting, pricing decisions, and planning production.
3 "Demand" is a foundational concept in the field of economics that refers to the quantity of a specific good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different price points within a given period. It is largely influenced by the price of the commodity, the cost of related goods, personal disposable income, individual tastes and preferences, and consumer expectations about future prices and availability. The relationship between demand and its influencing factors is visually represented by a demand curve on a graph. The concept also extends to different types of goods demand, including negative demand and latent demand, and how these can be managed strategically. The elasticity of demand, another crucial aspect, measures the sensitivity of demand to price changes. Lastly, the market structure can notably impact the demand faced by individual firms.
2. Consommateur ( Consumer ) Un consommateur, en termes simples, est un individu qui achète des biens ou des services pour son usage personnel et non pour la revente ou à des fins commerciales. Il joue un rôle important dans l'économie, car sa demande de produits incite les fabricants à produire. Cette dynamique influence les processus de production, de distribution et de consommation. Les consommateurs ont également certains droits, établis par le président John F. Kennedy, qui comprennent la sécurité, l'information, le choix, le recours et la représentation. Ces droits les protègent des produits dangereux et des pratiques déloyales. À l'ère du numérique, les consommateurs se transforment en "prosommateurs", participant activement à la création des produits. Le comportement des consommateurs a donc un impact profond sur les stratégies de marketing, conduisant à un marketing personnalisé et à une personnalisation de masse.
Pouvoir d'achat (Wikipedia)

Pouvoir d'achat is the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with a unit of currency. For example, if one had taken one unit of currency to a store in the 1950s, it would have been possible to buy a greater number of items than would be the case today, indicating that the currency had a greater purchasing power in the 1950s.

If one's monetary income stays the same but the price level increases, the purchasing power of that income amount falls. Inflation does not always imply falling purchasing power of one's money income if one's income rises faster than the price level rising. A higher real income means a higher purchasing power of the income amount, since real income refers to the income adjusted for inflation.

Traditionally, the purchasing power of money depended heavily upon the local value of gold and silver, but was also made subject to the availability and demand of certain goods on the market. Most modern fiat currencies, like US dollars, are traded against each other and commodity money in the secondary market for the purpose of international transfer of payment for goods and services.

As Adam Smith noted, having money gives one the ability to "command" others' labor, so purchasing power to some extent is power over other people, to the extent that they are willing to trade their labor or goods for argent or currency.

For a price index, its value in the base year is usually normalized to a value of 100. The purchasing power of a unit of currency, say a dollar, in a given year, expressed in dollars of the base year, is 100/P, where P is the price index in that year. So, by definition, the purchasing power of a dollar decreases as the price level rises.

Adam Smith used an hour's labour as the purchasing power unit, so value would be measured in hours of labour required to produce a given quantity (or to produce some other good worth an amount sufficient to purchase the same).[citation nécessaire]

EUROSTAT defines purchasing power standard (PPS) as an artificial currency unit.

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