JavaScript is a powerful programming language that was officially introduced in 1995, and it has undergone significant evolution since its inception. It started with its use in the Mosaic browser and Netscape, and later was adopted by Microsoft[1], leading to a browser war due to compatibility issues. JavaScript was standardized by Ecma International, leading to the release of ECMAScript, which has several versions. It is widely used in client-side scripting, with a majority of websites using it to enable dynamic content, animations, and more. JavaScript also powers server-side applications and embedded systems, thanks to the introduction of platforms like Node.js. Its execution relies on JavaScript engines, with the V8 engine being a prominent example. Despite being a trademark of Oracle Corporation, JavaScript is open-source and adheres to ECMAScript implementations, offering features like structured and imperative programming.
JavaScript (/ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt/), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML et CSS. 99% of sites web use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior.
 Screenshot of JavaScript source code | |
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Brendan Eich ou Netscape initially; others have also contributed to the ECMAScript standard |
| First appeared | December 4, 1995 |
| Stable release | ECMAScript 2023 
/ June 2023 |
| Preview release | ECMAScript 2025
/ 28 February 2024 |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic, weak, duck |
| Filename extensions |
|
| Site web | ecma-international |
| Major implementations | |
| V8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey, Chakra | |
| Influenced by | |
| Java, Scheme, Self, AWK, HyperTalk | |
| Influenced | |
| ActionScript, ArkTS, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Opa, TypeScript | |
| |
Web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine that executes the client code. These engines are also utilized in some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for non-browser usage is Node.js.
JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard. It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientationet first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functionalet imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structureset le Document Object Model (DOM).
The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storageou Graphiques facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.
Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.
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