Cloaking is a term used in the field of Optimisation des moteurs de recherche[1] (SEO). It is a technique where different content is shown to search engines and users. Though it can manipulate moteur de recherche[2] rankings in favor of a site web[4], it is often seen as deceptive. It was more prevalent before 2006, however, it’s not necessary for standard SEO practices today. Cloaking can also be a part of the doorway page technique, where it analyzes user behavior and presents content accordingly. It can be based on various factors such as HTTP referrer, user agent, or IP. Another form is IP delivery, which presents different content based on the user’s Adresse IP[3], and is utilized for location-based content. While similar, IP delivery isn’t always classified as cloaking. Understanding cloaking is crucial for SEO professionals and website owners, as it carries legal and ethical implications.
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L'occultation est un optimisation des moteurs de recherche (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the user's browser. This is done by delivering content based on the IP addresses or the User-Agent HTTP header of the user requesting the page. When a user is identified as a search engine spider, a server-side script delivers a different version of the page web, one that contains content not present on the visible page, or that is present but not searchable. The purpose of cloaking is sometimes to deceive search engines so they display the page when it would not otherwise be displayed (black hat SEO). However, it can also be a functional (though antiquated) technique for informing search engines of content they would not otherwise be able to locate because it is embedded in non-textual containers, such as video or certain Adobe Flash components. Since 2006, better methods of accessibility, including progressive enhancement, have been available, so cloaking is no longer necessary for regular SEO.
Cloaking is often used as a spamdexing technique to attempt to sway search engines into giving the site a higher ranking. By the same method, it can also be used to trick search engine users into visiting a site that is substantially different from the search engine description, including delivering pornographic content cloaked within non-pornographic search results.
Cloaking is a form of the doorway page technique.
A similar technique is used on DMOZ annuaire web, but it differs in several ways from search engine cloaking:
- It is intended to fool human editors, rather than computer search engine spiders.
- The decision to cloak or not is often based upon the HTTP referrer, the user agent or the visitor's IP; but more advanced techniques can be also based upon the client's behaviour analysis after a few page requests: the raw quantity, the sorting of, and latency between subsequent HTTP requests sent to a website's pages, plus the presence of a check for robots.txt file, are some of the parameters in which search engines' spiders differ heavily from a natural user behaviour. The referrer tells the URL of the page on which a user clicked a link to get to the page. Some cloakers will give the fake page to anyone who comes from a web directory website, since directory editors will usually examine sites by clicking on links that appear on a directory web page. Other cloakers give the fake page to everyone except those coming from a major search engine; this makes it harder to detect cloaking, while not costing them many visitors, since most people find websites by using a search engine.
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