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Shadow profiles refer to a collection of user data, often gathered without explicit permission, by online platforms such as Facebook[2] et Google[3]. First publicly recognized in 2012 following a data breach on Facebook, shadow profiles were found to contain personal information of over six million users. These profiles, not created by the users themselves, were linked to public profiles by Facebook, combining data sets for a fuller picture of a user’s online behavior. This combined information was shared using Facebook’s DYI tool. However, the practice has raised significant concerns related to user vie privée[4] et security[5] on the Internet[6]. Critics argue that it represents an intrusion into personal space, with potential for misuse of information. The subject of shadow profiles is closely related to broader topics of internet privacy[1], communication privacy management theory, and participatory surveillance.

Définitions des termes
1. internet privacy. Internet Privacy is a crucial aspect of the digital realm that deals with safeguarding users' personal information. It entails the control over what data about oneself is gathered and how it's used. This concept has gained considerable significance with the advent and evolution of the Internet and mobile networks. It covers various elements like the protection of personal space, choice, and information. The essence of Internet privacy is the controlled disclosure of personal data by users. It addresses the risks and threats posed by activities such as online tracking for targeted advertisements, data collection via social media and online transactions, and malicious activities like spyware. It also touches upon legal regulations, anonymity, and the impact of online behavior. Various technologies used for online tracking and their associated privacy concerns also fall under its purview. Internet privacy is a dynamic and vital field that continually evolves in response to emerging technologies and threats.
2. Facebook ( Facebook ) Facebook, aujourd'hui connu sous le nom de Meta Platforms, est une grande société Internet qui a débuté comme plateforme de réseau social. Fondé par Mark Zuckerberg en 2004, Facebook s'est rapidement étendu de Harvard à d'autres universités, puis au grand public, devenant ainsi un phénomène mondial. Il est connu pour son interface conviviale et ses diverses fonctionnalités telles que les groupes, la plateforme pour développeurs et Facebook Dating. Bien que critiqué pour des questions telles que les atteintes à la vie privée et la diffusion de fausses nouvelles, Facebook est resté un acteur dominant du monde en ligne. L'entreprise a fait des progrès considérables dans le domaine de la technologie, notamment en développant son système unique de stockage de données, en utilisant PHP pour sa plateforme et en lançant le langage de programmation Hack. Ces dernières années, l'entreprise s'est tournée vers le métavers, un espace de réalité virtuelle où les utilisateurs peuvent interagir avec un environnement généré par ordinateur.
Profil de l'ombre (Wikipedia)

A shadow profile is a collection of information pertaining to an application's users, or even some of its non-users, collected without their consent. The term is most commonly used to describe the manner in which technological companies such as Facebook collect information related to people who did not willingly provide it to them.

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