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Online Advertising[3] refers to the method of delivering promotional content to users through the Internet[8]. It began in 1995, with significant developments such as the first courriel[12] publicité[6] in 1978, the introduction of online banner advertising in the early 1990s, and the launch of Google[9]’s AdWords in 2000. Various formats and ventes[13] models are used, including floating and expanding ads, trick banners and News Feed Ads, often sold in real-time bidding[4] markets. The practice of programmatic advertising uses software to select and target ads, leveraging data from cookies and behavioral tracking to create detailed user profiles. This is complemented by Data Management Platforms, which manage first, second, and third-party data. The process of ad exchange involves ad space offers being sent to an ad exchange, where demand[10] side platforms bid on the space. Marketing des médias sociaux[1] et Mobile Advertising[2] are also prevalent forms, with the latter experiencing significant growth due to increased mobile device[5] usage. These methods aim to increase site web[11] visibility, enhance incendie[14] engagement, and improve client[7] reach.

Définitions des termes
1. Marketing des médias sociaux ( Social Media Marketing ) Le marketing des médias sociaux est une stratégie à multiples facettes visant à promouvoir un produit ou un service par le biais de diverses plateformes en ligne. Cette stratégie de marketing s'articule autour de l'utilisation de sites de réseaux sociaux pour favoriser les interactions, établir des relations et influencer le comportement des consommateurs par le biais du bouche-à-oreille. Elle implique l'utilisation de plateformes populaires comme Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, WhatsApp, YouTube et Snapchat, chacune ayant des caractéristiques et des stratégies d'engagement de l'utilisateur qui lui sont propres. Par exemple, l'algorithme de TikTok encourage la créativité et la viralité, tandis que YouTube propose des publicités personnalisées et un programme de partenariat. Les entreprises utilisent également les outils d'analyse intégrés pour suivre la réussite des campagnes et l'engagement des clients. Un autre aspect clé est la consommation de médias mobiles, qui modifie de plus en plus le comportement d'achat des consommateurs. Enfin, le marketing des médias sociaux utilise des contenus pilotés par des algorithmes et le marketing d'influence pour atteindre les publics cibles de manière authentique et précise.
2. Publicité mobile ( Mobile Advertising ) Mobile advertising is a specific branch of mobile marketing that involves promoting products or services using mobile devices as a medium. It's a rapidly expanding sector, with its global market worth estimated at €1 billion in 2008 and projected to reach a whopping $247 billion in 2020. This type of advertising encompasses various formats, including click-to-download, click-to-call, and click-to-message ads, image text and banner ads, and push notifications. It's often coded in HTML5 for rich media on mobile and adjusts for different handset screen sizes and supported technologies. Mobile advertising offers immediate responsiveness for advertisers and is seen as a new media channel, particularly since the inception of SMS advertising in the early 2000s. However, despite its growth, it still represents a small portion of the overall advertising industry. The sector is also known for its engagement marketing, use of behavioral data for ad customization, and raising concerns over privacy infringement.

Publicité en ligneégalement connu sous le nom de online marketing, Internet advertising, digital advertising ou web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising that uses the Internet to promote products and services to audiences and platform users. Online advertising includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Advertisements are increasingly being delivered via automated software systems operating across multiple websites, media services and platforms, known as programmatic advertising.

Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher's content. Other potential participants include advertising agencies that help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server which technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser.

In 2016, Internet advertising revenues in the United States surpassed those of cable television et broadcast television. In 2017, Internet advertising revenues in the United States totaled $83.0 billion, a 14% increase over the $72.50 billion in revenues in 2016. And research estimates for 2019's online advertising spend put it at $125.2 billion in the United States, some $54.8 billion higher than the spend on television ($70.4 billion).

Many common online advertising practices are controversial and, as a result, have become increasingly subject to regulation. Many internet users also find online advertising disruptive and have increasingly turned to ad blocking for a variety of reasons. Online ad revenues also may not adequately replace other publishers' revenue streams. Declining ad revenue has led some publishers to place their content behind paywalls.

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