Online advertising

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Online advertising[5] is a marketing strategy[3] that involves the use of the internet[10] as a medium to obtain website[11] traffic and target and deliver marketing messages to the right customers. It has evolved from the early days of simple email marketing[6] and banner ads to more sophisticated methods like search ads, social media[7], and mobile advertising[4]. This form of advertising[8] is driven by various sales[13] and delivery models, including direct management by website publishers, outsourcing to agencies, ad exchanges, and automated programmatic advertising. Innovative techniques have emerged over time, aiming to capture user attention and increase engagement. These strategies include floating and expanding ads, trick banners, news feed ads, search engine marketing[1], and social media marketing[2]. The evolution of online advertising showcases its adaptability to changing consumer[12] behavior and technology[9] advancements.

Terms definitions
1. search engine marketing. Search Engine Marketing (SEM) refers to the practice of marketing a business using paid advertisements that appear on search engine results pages. These advertisements are often driven by bids on keywords that users of services such as Google and Bing might enter when looking for certain products or services. SEM offers advertisers the opportunity to put their ads in front of motivated customers who are ready to make a purchase. The evolution of SEM has integrated a range of strategies, such as search engine optimization (SEO), paid listings management, and online marketing strategies like pay-per-click (PPC) programs. The technique is crucial in today's digital era, aiding various industries in attracting consumers and increasing opportunities. Despite challenges such as competition and evolving search algorithms, SEM continues to be a vital tool for online visibility and business growth.
2. social media marketing. Social media marketing is a multifaceted strategy aimed at promoting a product or service through various online platforms. This marketing strategy is hinged on the utilization of social networking sites to foster interactions, build relationships, and influence consumer behavior through e-word of mouth. It involves the use of popular platforms like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, WhatsApp, YouTube, and Snapchat, each with unique features and user engagement strategies. For instance, TikTok's algorithm encourages creativity and virality, while YouTube offers personalized ads and a partner program. Also, businesses use the in-built analytics tools to track campaign success and customer engagement. Another key aspect is mobile media consumption, which is increasingly changing consumer purchase behavior. Lastly, social media marketing employs algorithm-driven content and influencer marketing to reach target audiences authentically and precisely.
Online advertising (Wikipedia)

Online advertising, also known as online marketing, Internet advertising, digital advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising that uses the Internet to promote products and services to audiences and platform users. Online advertising includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Advertisements are increasingly being delivered via automated software systems operating across multiple websites, media services and platforms, known as programmatic advertising.

Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher's content. Other potential participants include advertising agencies that help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server which technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser.

In 2016, Internet advertising revenues in the United States surpassed those of cable television and broadcast television. In 2017, Internet advertising revenues in the United States totaled $83.0 billion, a 14% increase over the $72.50 billion in revenues in 2016. And research estimates for 2019's online advertising spend put it at $125.2 billion in the United States, some $54.8 billion higher than the spend on television ($70.4 billion).

Many common online advertising practices are controversial and, as a result, have become increasingly subject to regulation. Many internet users also find online advertising disruptive and have increasingly turned to ad blocking for a variety of reasons. Online ad revenues also may not adequately replace other publishers' revenue streams. Declining ad revenue has led some publishers to place their content behind paywalls.

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