Link farming refers to the practice of creating a network of websites that link to each other with the goal of manipulating search engine[1] algorithms. Originating in 1999, it was initially used by search engine optimizers to stabilize website[2] listings on Inktomi, which operated two indexes. The practice evolved when Google[3] gained popularity, to boost a website’s PageRank[4]. However, misuse of link farms by dishonest webmasters necessitated the implementation of quality control measures. As a response, search engines began filtering link farms from their indexing and search results. Link farming is closely related to other practices such as click farming, cloaking[5], content farming, doorway pages, and keyword stuffing.
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On the World Wide Web, a link farm is any group of websites that all hyperlink to other sites in the group for the purpose of increasing SEO rankings. In graph theoretic terms, a link farm is a clique. Although some link farms can be created by hand, most are created through automated programs and services. A link farm is a form of spamming the index of a web search engine (sometimes called spamdexing). Other link exchange systems are designed to allow individual websites to selectively exchange links with other relevant websites, and are not considered a form of spamdexing.
Search engines require ways to confirm page relevancy. A known method is to examine for one-way links coming directly from relevant websites. The process of building links should not be confused with being listed on link farms, as the latter requires reciprocal return links, which often renders the overall backlink advantage useless. This is due to oscillation, causing confusion over which is the vendor site and which is the promoting site.