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Media Studies is a multidisciplinary field of study that examines the systems, content, history, and effects of various media. This field includes the analysis of both traditional mass media^[2] like television^[3] and print, as well as new forms of digital and social media^[1]. The pioneers of this field include John Culkin, Marshall McLuhan, and Harold Innis, who laid the foundational theories and principles. Culkin was instrumental in introducing media studies into educational programs, while McLuhan proposed seminal concepts such as “the medium is the message”. Innis, on the other hand, connected media technologies with the rise and fall of civilizations. Media studies also encompasses various perspectives, theories, and contributions from different countries and scholars. These include the cultural emphasis in the UK, social media focus in the US, and notable German scholars such as Hans-Theis Lehmann. Globally, many universities offer programs in media studies, reflecting its importance and relevance in understanding contemporary society and culture.

Terms definitions

1. ↑ social media. Social media is a broad term encompassing a variety of digital tools and platforms that facilitate the sharing of information and the creation of virtual communities. Emerging from early systems like PLATO and ARPANET, it has evolved into modern platforms like Facebook and Twitter. These platforms offer unique features that differentiate them from traditional media, including the ability for users to generate content and engage in dialogic communication. They cater to over 100 million users globally and offer different forms of services, such as messaging apps and collaborative content creation platforms. The use of social media has far-reaching impacts on individuals, society, and businesses, influencing everything from marketing practices to political processes. However, it's also associated with ethical concerns, such as the spread of misinformation and potential addiction.

2. ↑ mass media. Mass media refers to various forms of communication that reach a large audience simultaneously. This includes traditional forms like print media (books, newspapers, magazines), recordings, cinema, radio, and television, as well as modern digital platforms like the internet and mobile phones. Each form of mass media uses unique content types and utilizes specific business models, creative artists, and technicians for production and distribution. It's worth noting that there's ongoing debate about whether video games should be considered a form of mass media. Mass media is characterized by its one-to-many communication model, allowing for broad dissemination of information or products. A key distinction of mass media is that it separates the production and reception of information, reaching audiences who are often distant in time and space from the producers.

Media studies (Wikipedia)

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Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media Studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but mostly from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.

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